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Advantages and disadvantages of freeze dryer

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advantage
There are various drying methods, such as sun-drying, boil-drying, drying, spray-drying and vacuum-drying, etc., but common drying methods are usually carried out at temperatures above 0°C or higher. The products obtained by drying generally have the problems of shrinking in size and hardening of texture, most of the volatile components will be lost, some heat-sensitive substances will be denatured and inactivated, and some substances will even be oxidized. Therefore, compared with the product before drying, there is a big difference in properties after drying. The freeze-drying method is basically carried out below 0°C, that is, it is carried out in the frozen state of the product, and generally does not exceed 60°C during analytical drying. Under vacuum conditions, when the water vapor is sublimated directly, the drug remains in the ice shelf when it freezes, forming a porous structure similar to a sponge, so its volume is almost unchanged after drying. Before using it again, just add water for injection and it will dissolve immediately.
Compared with the conventional method, the freeze-drying method has the following advantages:
* Many heat-sensitive substances will not be denatured or inactivated.
* When drying at low temperature, some volatile components in the substance lose little.
* During the freeze-drying process, the growth of microorganisms and the action of enzymes cannot be carried out, so the original properties can be maintained.
* Since it is dried in a frozen state, the volume is almost unchanged, the original structure is maintained, and no condensation occurs.
* Since the moisture in the material exists in the form of ice crystals after pre-freezing, the inorganic salts dissolved in the water are evenly distributed among the materials. During sublimation, the dissolved substances dissolved in water are precipitated, which avoids the phenomenon of surface hardening caused by the precipitation of inorganic salts carried by the moisture inside the material to the surface in the general drying method.
* After drying, the substance is loose and porous, in the form of a sponge. After adding water, it dissolves quickly and completely, and almost immediately restores its original shape.
*Since drying is carried out under vacuum with minimal oxygen, some easily oxidizable substances are protected.
* Drying can remove more than 95% to 99% of water, so that the dried product can be stored for a long time without deterioration.
* Because the material is in a frozen state and the temperature is very low, the temperature of the heat source for heating is not required to be high, and a heater with normal temperature or low temperature can meet the requirements. If the freezing chamber and the drying chamber are separated, the drying chamber does not need to be insulated, and there will not be a lot of heat loss, so the utilization of heat energy is very economical.
shortcoming
As the saying goes, there is no perfect technology, and the main disadvantage of vacuum freeze-drying technology is the high cost. Because it requires vacuum and low temperature conditions, the vacuum freeze dryer needs to be equipped with a set of vacuum system and low temperature system, so the investment cost and operating cost are relatively high.

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